Finally, the high-purity graphite submicroflakes were successfully synthesized after washing with DI water and ethanol (99.7%, Ante) and drying at 80 °C under vacuum. However, the graphitization degree of graphitic carbons is much less than our as-synthesized graphite since the intensity ratio of G band to D band of 3.9 is far greater than that of 1.7 of graphitic carbon synthesized by molten salt electrolysis at 850 °C and that of 1.3 of graphitic carbon synthesized by reacting CO2 with CaC2 at 700–800 °C. The other chemical reagents were obtained from the commercial purchase and used as received. Even under the high pressure of ~160 bar, the kinetic barriers of the reaction for synthesizing graphite are slightly higher than those for producing amorphous carbon while it is thermodynamically favorable to produce graphite. & Cao, D. P. An investigation of lithium-ion battery thermal management using paraffin/porous-graphite-matrix composite. 4c). Carbons from biomass precursors as anode materials for lithium ion batteries: new insights into carbonization and graphitization behavior and into their correlation to electrochemical performance. At the current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 A g–1, the graphite submicroflakes deliver the reversible capacities of 349, 296, 247, 172, and 82 mAh g–1, respectively, corresponding to the capacity retention of 94%, 80%, 66%, 46%, and 22% relative to 372 mAh g–1 of the theoretical capacity of graphite. Nat Commun 12, 119 (2021). These results further demonstrate that the chemical interaction between CO2 and LiAlH4 can be expressed by Eq. Gas sensing characteristics of multi-wall carbon nanotubes. 21). Mater. 1c, the strong and sharp X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak at 26.36° can be assigned to the (002) plane of graphite. Phosphaljel (TN) Aluminium phosphate gel. Furthermore, our as-synthesized graphite is easy to separate from impurities or byproducts as indicated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis and thermogravimetric (TG) measurement (Supplementary Figs. Article Phosphate Sorption Speciation and Precipitation Mechanisms on Amorphous Aluminum Hydroxide Xiaoming Wang 1,2, Brian L. Phillips 3, Jean-François Boily 4, Yongfeng Hu 5, Zhen Hu 1, Peng Yang 2, Xionghan Feng 1, Wenqian Xu 6 and Mengqiang Zhu 2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, … arginine. Mater. The separation of natural graphite requires multistep procedures including graphite mining and large-scale beneficiation and purification, which is the complex and inefficient method of production18. The excellent rate capability and stable cycling performance are achieved in the LiFePO4/graphite submicroflakes full cells. The energy difference between graphite and amorphous carbon is calculated to be −0.57 eV, supporting the favorable formation of graphite from the thermodynamic theory. The graphite submicroflakes anode was coupled with LiFePO4 cathodes to evaluate the rate capability and cycling performance of graphite in full cells (Fig. Amorphous Aluminum Hydroxide Control on Sulfate and Phosphate in Sediment-Solution Systems The fresh Al precipitate occurred in stream sediment of Jachymov Stream (Czech Republic). 7, 1250–1280 (2014). Int. Nat. Section 6: Thermodynamic properties (McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1998). Adv. John A. D. Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry 15th edn (ed. The products of CO2 reacting with LiAlH4 and graphite samples were characterized by XRD (X’Pert PRO), Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw Invia plus), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, NOVA NANOSEM 450) with EDS (Oxford X-Max 80 SDD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM, FEI Tecnai G2 F30), ICP-MS (PerkinElmer Elan DRC-e), and XPS (Kratos Axis Ultra DLD) with monochromatized Al Kα excitation source. carried out the electrochemical test; Y.C., Y.G., and H.H. 8). The reduction in reversible capacities of graphite at higher current densities is due to the shortened lithiation/delithiation voltage plateau induced by discharge/charge kinetic performance (Fig. It exhibits the flake shaped morphology with a thickness of 160–350 nm (Fig. To further examine the effect of CO2 concentration and gas pressure on the reaction kinetics for synthesizing graphite, inert argon was first introduced into the 35 bar CO2–LiAlH4 reactor until the gas pressure of 75 bar was reached. The structural models of graphite (space group: P63/MMC), LiAlH4 (space group: P21/C), CO2 (space group: Pa-3), and amorphous carbon were employed to calculate the pressure-dependent energy differences (Supplementary Fig.

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